Skin Aging

by Barkat Khan
(Pakistan)

Original Text: Skin Aging

The topically applied emulsions (creams) to the skin can be obliging to the aged skin condition. Skin represents a complex amalgamate of tissues, whose mechanical characteristics dependent on the reciprocated interdependence of their constituent parts. The molecular and microanatomical structures of skin allow it to meet normal mechanical demands. Ageing, photodamage, hormones, drugs, cosmetic products and dermatological involvement may amend the skin's overall tensile properties 15,16. Besides UV-induced skin cancers, chronic sun exposure is also responsible for the photoaging process characterized by the formation of deep wrinkles, abnormal pigmentation and a leathery aspect of the skin. Antioxidants protect skin from UV-induced free radicals thus preventing photoaging 17, 5. Moisturizers are widely used to relieve the clinical and subjective impressions of dry skin, such as roughness, scaling, and a scratchy feeling of tightness.
In this study we investigated the effects of topically applied Hippophae rhamnoides extract on the mechanical properties of human skin and from the results we concluded that the mechanical properties of human skin reperesented by R parameters are improved except R8. These improvements might be due to (i) the reason that antioxidants (Carotene especially β carotene and tocopherols) clearly play an important role in the preventing aging 19 and it has been established that seeds and berries of Hippophae rhamnoides have sufficient amount of tocopherols (vitamin E) (ii) An increase in skin hydration improves the viscouse resistance against deformation and Vitamin C has the advantage of stimulating dermal fibroblasts for the synthesis of collagen (14). As the collagen level is increased, the hydration level also improved. The vitamin C concentration in Hippophae rhamnoides extract ranges from 28-2500 mg/100 gm and (iii) increased expression of cell surface integrins promote collagen contraction which mediate interaction between fibroblasts and extracellular matrix proteins present in the dermis 18. This mechanism may advocate the possibility that Hippophae rhamnoides extract might change the skin mechanical properties. Hubing on changes in the mechanical properties of skin, topical application of the Hippophe rhamnoides extract draw out a significant increase in the Uf ( Final deformation or extension or R0) value and a tendency to increase the Ue (Immediate deformation or skin elasticity) value. The Ue and Uf values, which represent skin distensibility, were significantly declined in proportion to aging. These results show that the Hippophae rhamnoides extract obtain an improvement in the skin mechanical properties against aging.
In sum Cutometer can be used with a high reliability on normal skin using topical emulsion of Hippophae rhamnoides extract. As an upshot merely Cutometer is sufficient for the evaluation of skin elasticity.

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Revised Text:

Topically applied emulsions (creams) on the skin can be obliging to the condition of aged skin. Skin represents a complex amalgamation of tissues, whose mechanical characteristics are dependent on the reciprocal interdependence of its constituent parts. The molecular and micro-anatomical structures of skin allow it to meet normal mechanical demands. Aging, photo damage, hormones, drugs, cosmetic products and dermatological involvement may amend the skin's overall tensile properties 15,16.

Besides UV-induced skin cancers, chronic sun exposure is also responsible for the photo-aging process, characterized by the formation of deep wrinkles, abnormal pigmentation and a leathery aspect of the skin. Antioxidants protect skin from UV-induced free radicals, thus preventing photoaging 17, 5.

Moisturizers are widely used to relieve the clinical and subjective impressions of dry skin, such as roughness, scaling, and a scratchy feeling of tightness.

In this study we investigated the effects of topically applied Hippophae rhamnoides extract on the mechanical properties of human skin, and from the results we concluded that the mechanical properties of human skin, represented by R parameters, are improved except R8. These improvements might be due to (i) the reason that antioxidants (Carotene especially β carotene and tocopherols) clearly play an important role in preventing aging 19 and it has been established that seeds and berries of Hippophae rhamnoides have a sufficient amount of tocopherols (vitamin E) (ii). An increase in skin hydration improves viscous resistance against deformation and Vitamin C has the advantage of stimulating dermal fibroblasts for the synthesis of collagen (14).

As the collagen level is increased, the hydration level also improved. The vitamin C concentration in Hippophae rhamnoides extract ranges from 28-2500 mg/100 gm and (iii) increased expression of cell surface integrins promote collagen contraction, which mediates interaction between fibroblasts and extracellular matrix proteins present in the dermis 18. This mechanism may advocate for the possibility that Hippophae rhamnoides extract might change the skin's mechanical properties. Topical application of the Hippophe rhamnoides extract draws out a significant increase in the Uf ( Final deformation or extension or R0) value and a tendency to increase the Ue (Immediate deformation or skin elasticity) value. The Ue and Uf values, which represent skin distensibility, significantly declined in proportion to aging.

These results show that the Hippophae rhamnoides extract obtains an improvement in the skin mechanical properties against aging.
In summary, the Cutometer can be used with a high reliability on normal skin using topical emulsion of Hippophae rhamnoides extract. As an upshot, the Cutometer is sufficient for the evaluation of skin elasticity.

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